It was prepared by claudia sobrevila, senior biodiversity specialist in the environment department of the world bank. They cause threats to biodiversity, economic and health problems in ethiopia. If we wish to retain a rich biota in fully functioning ecosystems and sustain the resources required to maintain a growing global population, it is critical to slow the rate of biodiversity loss. The key messages about the state of biodiversity in africa, and the pressures upon it, which have emerged from this assessment are. Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian. This document defines the current status of, pressures on, options for, and priority action to ensure the conservation, sustainable use, and equitable share of. The forest cover, which is often claimed to amount. The year 2010 has long been seen as an end goal, a time when we could look back and say, yes, weve done it that biodiversity, life on earth, is no longer threatened. The millennium ecosystem assessment reports that approximately 60 per cent 15 of 24 of key ecosystem.
Overall, biodiversity in africa continues to decline, with ongoing losses of species and habitats. The main cause of the loss of biodiversity can be attributed to the influence of human beings on the worlds ecosystem, in fact human beings have deeply altered the. May 03, 2019 loss of biodiversity the iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. To scale up biodiversity conservation loss, better promotion with practical conservation practices, community based management approaches and sector based conservation and integration should be implemented throughout the whole resource area. Ethiopia has great geographic diversity and climatic variability. In 2002, governments set 2010 as a deadline to achieve a significant reductionin the rate of loss of biodiversity. Secretariat of the convention on biological diversity 2004 addis ababa principles. It has a very diverse set of ecosystems ranging from humid forest and. The last remaining highland forests have been identified as particularly valuable key ecosystems. Understanding the causes of biodiversity loss and the policy assessment framework 7 list of figures figure 1.
Ethiopia has some of the worlds rarest animals and plants but these are now in danger of disappearing forever due to overuse and loss of natural habitat. I landuse, landcover changes and biodiversity loss helena freitas encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. It is the natural wealth of the earth, which supplies all our food and much of our shelter and raw materials. Springer, heidelberg description biodiversity hotspots are a method to identify those regions of the world where attention is needed to address biodiversity loss. Exclosure zones for inclusive livelihoods from improved biodiversity. The greatest threat to teff biodiversity is loss of habitat as humans develop land for agriculture, grazing livestock, and unsustainable use such as draining wetlands and clearcutting forests for agricultural. Pdf ethiopia is rich in faunal, floral and microbial diversity. The current status of knowledge of herbal medicine and. During the long period 3 billion years since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. I explored landuse changes and forest loss in southwest ethiopia over the last 40 years chapter 1, and the prospects for conserving biological diversity chapter 2 and ecosystem services chapter 3 in coffee landscapes. Effects of biodiversity loss and restoration scenarios on treerelated. Biodiversity loss, conservation, climate change, ethiopia although there is ample theoretical evidence of the economic and social causes of biodiversity loss, empirical evidence for most of these. National biodiversity strategy and action plan nbsap by each signatory country. Consensus statement one there is now unequivocal evidence that biodiversity loss reduces the efficiency by which ecological.
The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. The socioeconomic costs of biodiversity loss for decades there has been intense debate about the ethical and ecological implications of biodiversity loss, but, until recently, not much has been said outside specialist circles about the economic implications. Important biological causes for the loss of biological. The main cause of the loss of biodiversity can be attributed to the influence of human beings on the worlds ecosystem, in fact human beings have deeply altered the environment, and have modified the territory, exploiting the species directly, for example by fishing and hunting, changing the biogeochemical cycles and transferring species from one area to. The forest cover, which is often claimed to amount to 35 to 40 per cent of the area of the country a century ago, had dwindled to 2. For example, fish stocks are dwindling, forest loss is resulting in the loss of many species, land and other resources are being misused, leading to various long terms costs. Ethiopia is endowed with diverse ecosystems in which diverse flora and fauna as well as microbial resources are found. Moreover, some aspects of biodiversity loss are not easily measured, for instance the fact that the same species are increasingly found at different locations on the planet and that overall biodiversity is decreasing. Loss of biodiversity threatens smallholder livelihoods ecosystems, biodiversity, and the associated goods and services on which poor rural people rely are under increasing pressure. Ongoing loss of biodiversity in africa is driven by a combination of humaninduced factors. Biodiversity of ethiopia biological resources are fundamental to human well being.
Agro biodiversity in community seed bank and seed producing farmers 33 hybrid varieties but also local variety mcguire 2007. Soil degradation is thus the most immediate environmental problem facing ethiopia. The diversity of societies, cultures and languages that has developed throughout human history is intimately related to biodiversity and its use. Loss of biodiversity and extinctions global issues. In addition to this, the rate of extinctions might be. Biodiversity biological diversity is the total variety of living organisms in all ecosystems on earth, the genetic differences between them, and the communities and ecosystems in which they occur. Earths modern geography favors diversity earth has probably never had more species living at one time than it does now today land masses of the world are arranged in a configuration that favors high levels of diversity. Indirect causes of biodiversity loss in the country are demographic.
Indirect causes of biodiversity loss in the country are demographic change, poverty, and lack of awareness and coordination. Addis ababa principles and guidelines for the sustainable. Desertification and the associated loss of vegetation, causes biodiversity loss and contributes to climate change through reducing carbon sequestration. The trend in ethiopia is still of deforestation, according to an environmentalist. Biodiversity also underpins ecosystem function and the provision of ecosystem services. Introduction biodiversity can be defined as the variety and variability among organisms and their ecological complexes. Ecosystems of ethiopia ethiopia is endowed with diverse ecosystems in which diverse flora and fauna as well as microbial resources are found. Important biological causes for the loss of biological diversity include the loss of habitats, the introduction of exotic species, overharvesting of biodiversity. This has created diverse and suitable ecosystems, which are home to large number of flora, fauna and microbial species. Biodiversity loss, conservation, climate change, ethiopia. Important biological causes for the loss of biological diversity include the loss of habitats. Deforestation has many negative consequences such as loss of biodiversity, climate change, degradation of soils, disruption of hydrological cycles, desertification, economic loss and social conflicts.
Rapid biodiversity loss, coupled with impacts on ecosystem functions and on the goods and services they provide, is. Impact of climate change on biodiversity and associated key. Loss of biodiversity is a worldwide concern one primary cause is habitat destruction and fragmentation tilman et al. Alterations in ecosystem composition, such as the loss or decline of a species, can lead to a loss of biodiversity. Loss of biodiversity results in the loss of natural capital that supplies ecosystem goods and services. Download brochure in pdf most visited resources on our website are the following. Although there is ample theoretical evidence of the economic and social causes of biodiversity loss, empirical evidence for most of these relationships is fragmented, meager or nonexistent. Abstract lake chamo is among diversified, productive, and economically important lakes of ethiopian rift valley. Biodiversity of ethiopia cbd clearing house mechanism of. Ziser lecture notes, 2006 1 loss of biodiversity extinctions today a. Loss of biodiversity and climate change as presented in.
Three fundamental levels of organization are considered. Ibcr broadening its mandate and duties to implement ethiopias obligation to the convention of biological diversity cbd. Main direct threats to ethiopia s biodiversity are habitat conversion, unsustainable utilization of biodiversity resources, invasive species, replacement of local varieties and breeds, climate change and pollution. This loss of forest biodiversity is due to various reasons, most of which are anthropogenic. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia introduction. From the perspective of the method known as natural economy the economic value of 17 ecosystem. Impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss and population. Biodiversity loss is an early warning of a deteriorating environment but it is also a social, cultural and economic loss. Biodiversity loss, also called loss of biodiversity, a decrease in biodiversity within a species, an ecosystem, a given geographic area, or earth as a whole.
In 2004, the institute of biodiversity conservation ibc was amended. Forest loss and prospects for conservation in shade coffee agroecosystems. Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is a term that refers to the number of genes, species, individual organisms within a given species, and biological communities within a defined geographic area, ranging from the smallest ecosystem to. Biodiversity loss, conservation, climate change, ethiopia 1. Forests climate change, biodiversity and land degradation.
Biodiversity and livelihoods in southwestern ethiopia. Biodiversity status in ethiopia and challenges husen et al. Biodiversity can be measured through the use of quantitativeindicators, although no single unified approach exists. Ethiopia is one of the worlds rich biodiversity countries and it deserves attention regionally and globally.
Unesco eolss sample chapters land use, land cover and soil sciences vol. However, there are threats to biodiversity by invasive alien plant species iaps. The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate. Ethiopia is a globally significant biodiversity hotspot and is considered to be one of the worlds most speciesrich countries. The greatest threat to teff biodiversity is loss of habitat as humans develop land for agriculture, grazing livestock, and unsustainable use. It is estimated that 80,000200,000 hectares of forestland is cleared per annum in ethiopia for various reasons epa, 2002.
Group ii biodiversity and ecosystems, published by the ethiopian academy of. Habitat loss and destruction, usually as a direct result of human activity and population growth, is a major force in the loss of species, populations, and ecosystems. Does the concept of ecosystem services promote synergies between european strategies for climate change and biodiversity. Afroalpine and subafroalpine, montane dry forest and scrub, montane moist forest, acaciacomiphora woodland, combretumterminalia woodland, lowland humid forest, aquatic, wetland, montane grassland, and desert and. The role of indigenous peoples in biodiversity conservation. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan, caspian of tiger. Forest loss and climate change in ethiopia fekadu gurmessa department of biology, wollega university, p. As a party to the convention and in fulfillment of its obligation, ethiopia has prepared its nbsap document. Biodiversity loss is the extinction of species plant or animal worldwide, and also the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat. Biodiversity of ethiopia rate biological resources are fundamental to human well being. At the moment, the institute is renamed as ethiopian biodiversity instituteebi.
Loss of biodiversity is a worldwide concern one primary cause is habitat destruction and. Main direct threats to ethiopias biodiversity are habitat conversion, unsustainable utilization of biodiversity resources, invasive species, replacement of local varieties and breeds, climate change and pollution. This article throws light on the ten major causes for the loss of biodiversity, i. Climate change is expected to increase the surface temperature of the earth and the oceans, raise sea levels, alter the. Consensus statement one there is now unequivocal evidence that biodiversity loss reduces the efficiency by which ecological communities capture biologically essential resources, produce biomass, decompose and recycle. Loss of biodiversity as a result of climate change can alter the structures and functions of african ecological systems. Study on understanding the causes of biodiversity loss and. As a result, the provision of biodiversity based ecosystem services and the wellbeing of people that rely on these services are being modified. Their loss may have important consequences for the delivery of ecosystem services es to. Book chepter biodiversity status in ethiopia and challenges. Jan 19, 2014 the loss of biodiversity is increasing. Deforestation and land degradation, however, are impairing the capacity of forests. Finally, in 20 the institute has the current structure and renamed as ethiopian biodiversity institute ebi. Click here to view the pictures of former managers vision.
Organization agencies in conserving biodiversity and, the loss is not. The latter phenomenon can be temporary or permanent, depending on whether the environmental degradation that leads to the loss is reversible through ecological restoration ecological resilience or. In this study, the author tries to clarify the importance of the role of organization to agro biodiversity management by farmers for rural development in ethiopia. Although over 60% of woody species and associated biodiversity. Some causes and consequences of the loss of biodiversity. Impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss and population on sustainable development in ethiopia. For example, fish stocks are dwindling, forest loss is resulting in the loss of many species, land and other. Pdf biodiversity status in ethiopia and challenges researchgate. Combating climate change and biodiversity loss in a hot spot megadiversity country. It has a very diverse set of ecosystems ranging from humid forest and extensive wetlands to the desert of the afar depression. This thesis is conducted on the premise that the existing legal, policy and governance frameworks are insufficient to protect biodiversity from the alarming loss it is facing now. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia. Biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystem they form.
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